Tuesday, 6th April 2010
Good afternoon all.
For those who failed to come for the Oral English Workshop, here I would like to share with you some of the questions discussed during the workshop.
1. Define the meanings of “phonetics” and “phonemes”. What are the two groups of “phonemes”?
-“Phonetics” is the study of sounds made by humans when they talk. In 2 while “phonetics” is any sound that changes the meaning of the word.
-Phonemes can be placed in 2 groups called vowels and consonants.
2. There are many techniques that we can use to distinguish details when listening. One of them is to remain focused on what the speaker is saying. List 2 other techniques to help you distinguish detail when listening.
- Identifying the cause-effect relationship means at the conclusion after a connection between actions and outcomes has been made on (in other words) finding out what happened and why it happened as a result of preceding events
-Identifying time order relationship means being introduced to items in the other in which they occurs or develops. The order is important and cannot be changed otherwise the meaning will changed to.
3. Why is it important to listener to listen for speakers bias and stereotypes in messages. Give 4 examples of when this can happen.
- to able to make objective and fair judgment of the message that is delivered.
-cannot allow themselves balance views on the mess
- Political speech at rallies
-reviews for examples book reviews, travel from reviews. etc
4. Name the 4 difference types of language cues that help listeners to recognize important ideas and information in the lecturer speech.
- Stress, intonations and pauses
-use of relative clauses or other supporting clauses
- Logical connections and other phrases
- Vocal underlining, pitch and volume of speech
5. Define the following with regards to speech productions:-
a) Enunciation
- clearly and cohesively, not mumbling, slurring and pronunciation words poorly.
b) Stress
- The act of putting an emphasis on certain syllables in a word or certain words in sentences to highlight meaning, attitude or grammars.
c) Rhythm
- The speech pattern that breaks down sentences in to components parts which allows to use of suitable pace to clarify meaning
d) voice projection
-The volume of voice (hand in soft) in terms or distance, clarity and connection with listener/ audience.
6. Why are religious issues and politics considered inappropriate topics for small talks and should avoids.
-because they are personal and sensitive to the listener.
7) They are 5 essential stages in preparing an oral presentation of the speech. Name 4 of them and briefly described what required of each stage.
a) selecting a topic for a oral presentation
- The topic may be selected for the speech or the speaker has a choice depending on the type of audience, occasions and location for the speech.
b) Researching on the selected topic
-Looking for the information from a variety of resource (books, journal and the internet)
c) Planning the speech
-Preparing the outline of the speech having introduction, body (main ideas) and summation/conclusion.
d) Organizing the ideas
- Structuring and arranging the ideas
e) Preparing the speech
- writing the speech and practice it to ensure it is within time limit and has connected all essential elements.
8. Many people fear speaking before an audience but speech giving is a still that can be learnt. Suggest and briefly explain two ways to overcome this fear.
a) making good preparation.
-this is achieved when we are sure about what we want to speak, have collected sufficient materials and have organized the ideas in clear and structured way.
b) Having high confidence
- this is achieved by being well-prepared and well-rehearsed preparing and rehearsing ahead of time will help in increasing our confidence and ensuring speech content and delivery is totally covered.
9. What is deference between negotiating and conceding in a interaction.
Negotiating
-interactions occurs when members of a discussion or meeting take opposing sides or a particulars issues By giving alternatives suggestion or solutions which are agued with appropriate reasons/justification, a compromise can be reached and thus the conflict is resolved.
Conceding
-Interaction occur when one speaker, having shared his position on a certain matter with facts and reasons, agrees that another speakers is right and has ‘won’ the argument.
10. Why is turn-taking is group interaction important? What happens when turn taking is ignored?
- it allows speakers to take turn is having their saying. In this sense no 2 speaker would speak at the same time and therefore disrupt the flow of the speech.
Implication of ignoring turn-taking
-There will be no pauses and people would not listen to the speakers because everybody want to speak. There is no respect for the speaker who has flown.
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